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So, Shannon, tell me a little bit more about microplastics. You mentioned they're in our clothing. So, okay, I'm wearing a dress.
那么，香农，多告诉我们点微塑料的事情。你提到它们存在于我们的衣服里。所以，好吧，我穿着裙子。
How do microplastics end up coming out of the dress I'm wearing? Yeah, so, it's really two things.
微塑料怎么会从我穿的裙子里出来呢？是的，所以，这其实是两种东西。
It's both just anytime that your dress is rubbing against something, like maybe your hand or the jacket that you have on over it.
任何时候，只要你的裙子和什么东西摩擦，比如你的手或者你穿在上面的夹克，他们就会出现。
That can be shedding those tiny fibers, and some of those fibers will, like, fall to the ground and maybe they'll get vacuumed up, and that's good, but some of them will be light enough that they'll just, you know, float into the ambient air.
这些动作会脱落那些微小的纤维，其中一些纤维会掉到地上，也许它们会被吸走，这很好，但其中一些纤维足够轻，你知道，它们会漂浮在空气中。
The other effect is, like, UV light. So, effectively, sunlight will hit your article of clothing, and that also helps it decompose a little bit and helps produce those fibers that then fly around.
另一个效果是紫外线。因此，阳光会有效地照射到你的衣服上，这也会帮助衣服一点点分解，并产生纤维，然后四处飞散。
One thing to think about is that plastics don't really go away, they just get smaller and smaller and smaller over time.
需要考虑的一件事是，塑料并不是真的消失了，它们只是随着时间的推移变得越来越小。
So you might have, you know, a plastic cup, and over time, as UV light hits it, as it's sort of eroded, like, say it's just, you know, in a landfill or something, it is breaking down into those tiny pieces of microplastics or even smaller nanoplastics.
所以你可能有一个塑料杯，随着时间的推移，当紫外线照射到它时，就像它被侵蚀了一样，比如说，你知道，在垃圾填埋场或其他地方，它正在分解成那些微小的微塑料碎片，甚至更小的纳米塑料。
What are nanoplastics? So, nanoplastics are even smaller than microplastics.
什么是纳米塑料？纳米塑料甚至比微塑料更小。
There's a sort of -- People have different definitions of where if something becomes a nanoplastic, but, effectively, a nanoplastic is like 1/70 of the width of a human hair. So it's around the same size as like an E. coli bacteria.
人们对纳米塑料有不同的定义，但实际上，纳米塑料大约是人类头发宽度的1/70。所以它和大肠杆菌差不多大。
So, like, you can't even see it, naked eye. You cannot. No. Absolutely not.
所以，就像，你甚至肉眼看不到他。你做不到。不。绝对不可能。
And the thing about nanoplastics is, they're so small that they can infiltrate our bodies much, much better than microplastics can.
关于纳米塑料的问题是，它们是如此之小，以至于它们比微塑料更轻易地进入到我们的身体中。
I mean, both of them can get inside us, but nanoplastics could do even more damage.
我的意思是，它们都可以进入我们体内，但纳米塑料可能会造成更大的破坏。
And we've only just -- Like only just a few months ago, scientists discovered an effective way of identifying nanoplastics in water and in the human body.
我们才刚刚--就像几个月前，科学家们发现了一种有效的方法来识别水和人体中的纳米塑料。
And so we're going to have a lot more news in the next couple of years about where nanoplastics are.
因此，在接下来的几年里，我们将会有更多关于纳米塑料在哪里的消息。
So, obviously, this doesn't sound great, the idea of having something that's plastic, whether it's micro or nano, inside of our bodies, inside of our lungs, ingesting. But, chemically, what are we talking about here?
所以，很明显，这听起来并不是很好，有一些塑料的东西，无论是微型的还是纳米的，在我们的身体里，在我们的肺里，被我们消化。但是，从化学上讲，我们在这里谈论的是什么？
Because -- And I'm also hearing you use the word "plastics," plural. Are there different types of plastics?
因为--我还听到你用了“plastics”这个词，复数。塑料有不同的种类吗？
And, chemically, like, what are we actually talking about here?
那么，化学上，比如，我们到底在谈论什么？
This is, I think, the scariest part for me when I think about it. Cool. Which is just there is no one plastic. It would be great if there was one plastic. Why?
我认为，当我想到这一点时，这是最可怕的部分。好的。这只是因为塑料不是一种。如果只有一种塑料的话就太好了。为什么？
Because then it would be easier for researchers to understand what it's doing to our bodies. Oh.
因为这样研究人员就更容易理解它对我们身体的影响。噢。
But, basically, there are tons of different types of plastic polymers, which are sort of just like the plastic itself.
但是，基本上，有大量不同类型的塑料聚合物，它们就像塑料本身一样。
And then, on top of those polymers, companies are adding all of these different chemical additives.
然后，在这些聚合物之上，公司正在添加所有这些不同的化学添加剂。
It could be something to make the plastic more stretchy or soft.
它可能是某种让塑料变得更有弹性或更柔软的东西。
It could be something to make it flame-resistant.
可能是某种使其阻燃的东西。
All of these things have their own chemical impacts.
所有这些化学添加剂都有各自的的化学影响。
So when you think about scientists trying to figure out what microplastics do to us, it's like one of those horrible math problems that you might have in high school where it's like, "Oh, you have 100 different colors and you have 1,000 different shapes," and all of those could mix and match and have different effects on our bodies.
所以当你想到科学家时，试图弄清楚微塑料对我们有什么影响，这就像你在高中可能遇到的可怕数学问题之一，就像，“哦，你有100种不同的颜色，你有1，000种不同的形状”，所有这些都可以混合搭配，并对我们的身体造成不同的影响。
