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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Georgie, and we're ready to start, Phil… Phil?!
大家好，这里是BBC六分钟英语。我是乔治，我们准备开始了，菲尔……菲尔？！
Oh, sorry, Georgie, I was er, just, catching forty winks… you know, getting some shut-eye, dozing, taking a nap... I was sleeping!
对不起，乔治，我刚刚打了个盹……打个盹，小睡一会儿……我在睡觉！
Sleeping at work! Phil, how could you? I know, I know. Sorry, I… I didn’t sleep well last night.
在工作时睡觉！菲尔，你怎么能这样？我知道，我知道。对不起，我……我昨晚睡得不好。
I'll forgive you this time, but make sure you go to bed early tonight because getting a good night's sleep is incredibly important.
这次我会原谅你，但今晚一定要早点睡觉，因为睡个好觉非常重要。
For example, did you know that people who get enough sleep live about five years longer than people who don't?
例如，你知道睡眠充足的人比睡眠不足的人多活五年吗？
Wow, so a good night's sleep can lengthen your life. In this programme, we'll be finding out more about the benefits of sleep, and, as usual, learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
一夜好眠可以延长你的寿命。在这个节目中，我们将了解更多关于睡眠的好处，并且像往常一样，还会学习一些有用的新词汇。
But first, now that you've woken up, I have a question for you. Do you know how much of the average person's life is spent asleep?
但首先，既然你已经醒了，我有一个问题要问你。你知道普通人的一生中有多少时间是在睡眠中度过的吗？
Is it: a) a half? b) a quarter? or, c) a third? Hmm, I think we spend about a third of our lives sleeping.
是一半？四分之一？还是三分之一？我认为人一生中约有三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过的。
OK, well I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme. The question of why humans sleep is not easy to answer.
我会在节目结束时揭晓正确答案。人类为什么要睡觉这个问题很难回答。
In terms of evolution, why would it make sense to go unconscious every night, leaving yourself vulnerable to danger?
从进化的角度来看，为什么每晚都失去意识，让自己处于危险之中是合理的？
It can only mean that the benefits gained from sleep are huge. Here, science journalist, Ginny Smith, explains some of these benefits to BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Science:
这只能意味着睡眠带来的好处是巨大的。科学记者Ginny Smith向BBC Radio 4节目Inside Science解释了其中的一些好处：
So we've probably all experienced this, that if you've had a bad night sleep and then you try and do some work you just can't concentrate - your brain isn't in the right state to take in new information.
我们可能都经历过这种情况，如果晚上睡不好，然后试图做一些工作，就无法集中注意力——大脑没有处于正确的状态来接收新信息。
But we also need to sleep after we've learnt new things because that's when our brain consolidates the information - takes it from short-term storage to long-term storage,
但是，在学习了新知识后，我们也需要睡觉，因为那时大脑会巩固信息——将信息从短期存储转移到长期存储，
fits it in with other things we already know, that old adage of if you've got a problem sleep on it, your brain does actually work on things during the night, and you can often wake up and have solved the problem in your sleep.
将其与我们已知的其他信息进行整合，俗话说，如果你有问题，就睡一觉，大脑确实会在夜间处理问题，你经常可以在睡梦中醒来并解决问题。
When we sleep, our brains refresh, leaving us feeling rested in the morning. But after a bad night's sleep it's more difficult to concentrate. We can’t take in, or understand, new information.
睡觉时大脑会恢复活力，让我们在早上感到精神饱满。但是，一夜的睡眠不好后，我们很难集中注意力。我们无法吸收或理解新信息。
We also have the saying, if you've got a problem, sleep on it. To sleep on it means to delay making a decision until you've had time to think about it.
俗话说，if you've got a problem, sleep on it。To sleep on it意味着推迟做决定，直到你有时间思考它。
But that also turns out to be true scientifically speaking - during sleep, your brain really can work out problems and find solutions.
但从科学角度来看，这也是正确的——在睡眠期间，大脑确实可以解决问题并找到解决方案。
But what about the other side of the story? What happens when you get too little sleep, or none at all? Here's Ginny Smith again, talking to BBC Radio 4 programme, Inside Science:
但故事的另一面呢？睡眠不足或根本没有睡眠时会发生什么？以下是Ginny Smith再次接受BBC Radio 4节目Inside Science采访时说的话：
Sleep deprivation is a form of stress, and we know that when you are stressed your sort of fight-or-flight response is activated and that causes all these changes in your body that focus on immediate survival over long-term health.
睡眠不足是一种压力，我们知道，当你感到压力时，你的战斗或逃跑反应就会被激活，这会导致身体发生所有这些变化，关注眼前的生存，而不是长期的健康。
But if we are chronically stressed - money worries, or a stressful job, or something that's going on forever, or life, or chronic sleep deprivation that's causing that level of stress,
但是，如果我们长期处于压力之下——担心金钱、压力大的工作、永远持续下去的事情、生活或导致这种程度压力的长期睡眠不足，
then you might constantly have a damped down immune system which can then lead to all these knock-on problems.
那么免疫系统可能会不断受到抑制，进而导致所有这些连锁问题。
Having none or too little of something important is known as deprivation.
没有或缺少重要的东西被称为deprivation。
Sleep deprivation is stressful for the body – so stressful that it activates a fight-or-flight response, changes in the human body in response to a life-threatening situation which make us either stay and fight the threat or run away from it.
睡眠不足会给身体带来压力——压力如此之大，以至于它会激活战斗或逃跑反应，人体会因危及生命的情况而做出反应，让我们要么留下来对抗威胁，要么逃离威胁。
As well as a fight-or-flight response, the stress of not getting enough sleep over a longer period also creates problems including heart disease and a weakened immune system.
除了“战斗或逃跑”反应外，长期睡眠不足的压力还会导致心脏病和免疫系统减弱等问题。
Lack of sleep has these knock-on effects, it causes other things to happen, but not directly.
睡眠不足会产生连锁反应，它会导致其他事情发生，但不是直接的。
Now do you see why it's so important to get a good night's sleep, Phil? Plus, it will stop you sleeping at work again! Right, I think it's time to reveal the answer to my question.
现在你明白为什么睡个好觉如此重要了吗，菲尔？另外，它会让你不再在工作时睡着！我想是时候揭晓问题的答案了。
Yes, you asked me how much of the average person's life is spent asleep, and I said it was about a third.
你问我普通人一生中有多少时间是在睡眠中度过的，我说大约是三分之一。
Which was… the correct answer! Assuming you sleep eight hours a day, the average person will sleep for 229,961 hours in their lifetime or around one third of their life.
这是……正确答案！假设你每天睡八个小时，普通人一生将睡229961个小时，即大约三分之一的生命。
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned starting with the phrases catch forty winks, get some shut-eye, doze and take a nap, all of which mean to sleep.
让我们回顾一下我们学过的词汇，从catch forty winks、get some shut-eye、doze和take a nap开始，这些词组都意味着睡觉。
When someone takes in information, they understand it. If you have a problem and you sleep on it, you delay making a decision until you’ve had time to think about it.
当一个人takes in信息时，他们会理解它。如果你有问题，但你却sleep on it，那么你就推迟了做决定，直到你有时间去思考它。
Deprivation is an absence or too little of something important such as food or sleep.
Deprivation是指缺少一些重要的东西，如食物或睡眠。
The fight-or-flight response describes changes in the human body in response to a dangerous situation which make us either stay and fight the threat or run away from it.
The fight-or-flight response描述了人体在危险情况下做出的反应，这种反应使我们要么留下来对抗威胁，要么逃离威胁。
And finally, if something has a knock-on effect,itcauses other results indirectly.
最后，如果某件事有knock-on effect，它会间接导致其他结果。
Once again our six minutes are up, but remember to join us again next time for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye!
六分钟时间又到了，但记得下次再来加入我们，了解更多热门话题和实用词汇，就在六分钟英语。暂时再见！再见！
