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For the Welsh of Snowdonia,the great stone fortresses in their midst were what one of them called "the magnificent badges of our subjection."
对斯诺登地区的威尔士人来说 这些坚石造就的巨大堡垒 正如其中一座的称号一样 "象征征服的壮丽徽章"
The symbol not of imperial grandeur,but of crushing national annihilation,
这些堡垒并非为了昭示帝国的辉煌 而是要泯灭威尔士的民族意识
a permanent, daily, wounding reminder of conquest and humiliation.
象征着征服和凌辱 将威尔士骑在身下
The most colossal exercise, in fact, in colonial domination anywhere in medieval Europe.
根据中世纪欧洲的 殖民统治惯例
Beneath the lion standard of Edward Plantagenet,
在金雀花王朝的爱德华统治下
the Welsh inhabitants had now become second-class citizens in their own country.
威尔士人民在自己的国土上成为了 二等公民
Well, those natives were treated for the most part like naughty children,
统治者对待那些原住民 就像对待不听话的孩子
not allowed to bear arms, of course,but even forced to ask permission
他们当然是不准携带武器的 但竟然连留宿外乡人
if they wanted strangers to stay at their house overnight.
也需要得到批准
Worst of all, I think, the Welsh were doomed by English superiority to become objects of terminal quaintness.
但我认为最糟糕的是在英格兰的特权统治下 威尔士的古老文化注定将走向消亡
The quaint language, the quaint songs,those amusing choirs and chants.
古老的语言 古雅的民谣 还有那些动人的赞美诗
It could have been worse,and for the Jews of England, it was.
如果说还有谁比这更不幸 那就是英格兰的犹太人
The Welsh wars cost ten times the king's annual revenue,
威尔士战争的费用是全国一年总收入的十倍
and the price of victory and castle building had so exhaustively bled the Jews
维持战争和修建城堡的资金筹募 榨干了犹太人的全部财产
the usual source of loans and taxation that they had nothing left to yield,
而他们正是贷款和赋税的主要来源 在失去利用价值后
and so could be dispensed with altogether.
他们被彻底抛弃 无一幸免
