1、maintain

维持;保持

The Department maintains many close contacts with the chemical industry.

这个部门与化工行业保持着众多密切的联系。

Push yourself to make friends and to maintain the friendships.

要求自己与人交友并保持友谊。

断言;宣称;坚称

He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.

他坚称这笔捐款将用于国际用途。

Prosecutors maintain no deal was made.

原告坚持说不存在任何交易。

保持，维持（在某一比率或水平上）

The government was right to maintain interest rates at a high level.

政府维持高利率的做法是正确的。

action is required to ensure standards are maintained at as high a level as possible.

要求采取行动确保标准维持在尽量高的水平上。

2、primitive

原始的；远古的；未开化的

studies of primitive societies.

对原始社会的研究

primitive tribes.

原始部落

（动植物）原始的，低等的，进化初期的

primitive whales.

原始鲸

Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.

原始人必须要能作出这样的反应以逃避危险的动物。

古老的；简陋的

The conditions are primitive by any standards.

无论用什么标准来衡量，其条件都很简陋。

The primitive surgery of those days left him virtually deaf in one ear.

那时候简陋的外科手术让他一只耳朵几乎失聪。