1、primitive

原始的；远古的；未开化的

studies of primitive societies.

对原始社会的研究

primitive tribes.

原始部落

古老的；简陋的

The conditions are primitive by any standards.

无论用什么标准来衡量，其条件都很简陋。

The primitive surgery of those days left him virtually deaf in one ear.

那时候简陋的外科手术让他一只耳朵几乎失聪。

（动植物）原始的，低等的，进化初期的

primitive whales.

原始鲸

Primitive humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.

原始人必须要能作出这样的反应以逃避危险的动物。

2、assist

帮助，协助(完成工作)

Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech.

朱莉娅正在帮他准备讲演稿。

The family decided to assist me with my chores.

全家人决定帮助我做家务。

（提供信息、意见或金钱）帮助，援助

The public is urgently requested to assist police in tracing this man.

紧急要求公众帮助警方追踪此人。

Foreign Office officials assisted with transport and finance problems.

外交部官员帮助解决运输和经费问题。