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Some may take a less optimistic view of the study's results, however. Ely's research found, for example, that some 43% of female graduates from the Boomer generation (ages 48-66) are no longer working full-time, compared with only 28% of men. The discrepancy is more pronounced among Gen X women. Some 26% of women in this age group have left the full-time workforce, five times more than their male peers -- but well below Sandberg's estimate. The study found that the more children alumnae have, the more likely they are to nix full-time jobs. A whopping 37% of Gen X women with two or more kids aren't in the full-time workforce, compared with only 9% who have no children.
然而，有些人对研究结果可能并没有这么乐观。例如，伊莉的调查发现，来自婴儿潮一代（48至66岁）的女性毕业生中，约有43%已经不再从事全职工作，而同年龄段男性的比例仅为28%。这种差异在X一代女性当中更为明显。属于这个年龄段的女性当中，约有26%已经离开了全职岗位，是同年龄段男性的五倍以上——不过这仍远远低于桑德伯格的预测。研究发现，女性毕业时的孩子越多，越有可能放弃全职工作。有两个或两个以上孩子的X一代女性毕业生中，竟然有37%没有全职工作，相比而言，没有孩子的同年龄段女性放弃全职工作的比例仅有9%。
Ely, who presented the survey's findings to some 900 female alumnae gathered at Harvard to celebrate the 50th anniversary of women's admission on April 4-5, says that many women who had opted out to care for their children are struggling with their decisions. "A lot of the women I talked to at the summit said, 'I feel that I am atrophying. I made a decision to leave my job because I felt overwhelmed. I felt guilty. I felt like I couldn't be good at anything.'"
在哈佛庆祝女性就读MBA五十周年的活动上，伊莉将她的调查结果介绍给了在场的900位女校友。她表示，为了照顾孩子而决定退出职场的许多女性，对于当初的决定仍耿耿于怀。“在大会上，许多女性对我说：‘我感觉自己退化了。我之所以决定离开我的工作，是因为我觉得自己不堪重负。我感觉心虚。我认为自己再也做不好任何事情了。’”
The study, which allowed respondents to add written comments, underlines the angst many women feel over work-life balance issues. "It's a challenge to be a smart, driven, ambitious woman and still be a primary caregiver to one's children, " wrote a full-time working mother in the study. "We are taught we can 'have it all.' But there are sacrifices that need to be made, and women often feel as if they are 'failing' or 'not living up to potential' when making those sacrifices."
这项研究允许受访者添加书面评论，由此发现了许多女性对于工作生活平衡问题的忧虑。其中一位职场妈妈这样写道：“既要做一名聪明能干、有志向的女性，又要承担起照顾孩子的主要责任，这真的非常有挑战性。人们总是告诉我们可以‘拥有一切’。然而，我们必须做出牺牲，而在这种情况下，女性经常感觉她们‘失败了’，或者‘没能发挥潜能’。”
One alum explained how, after having a child, her boss no longer wanted to give her challenging assignments for fear she would leave. "She started to get bored and asked herself, 'Why am I doing this?'" The alum explained: "Many organizations think women want less challenging work [after they have a child]. Actually, I was seeking more challenging work on some sort of track." Ultimately, this alum left the company.
一位女校友称，在自己生完孩子之后，她的老板因为担心她离职，再也不给她分配有挑战性的工作。“于是，她开始感觉无聊，并问自己：‘我为什么要做这份工作？’”这位校友解释道：“许多机构都认为，女性[在生完孩子之后]希望担任没有什么挑战性的工作。而实际上，我希望接受一些挑战性更强的工作。”最后，这位校友离开了那家公司。
When asked which factors are holding back women from advancing in their careers, 84% of female respondents acknowledged that it was "taking leaves or reducing work hours." The second most cited impediment to career advancement for women? "Prioritizing family over work." Some 82% of the female respondents in the study identified this reason.
当被问及哪些因素阻碍了女性的职业发展时，84%的女性受访者承认，阻碍她们发展的是“请假或减少工作时间”。位居第二位的不利因素是“重视家庭高于工作”。有约82%的女性受访者选择了这个原因。
Beyond reconciling motherhood and careers, the survey suggests that external forces in the workplace are putting extra stress on women and steering them toward alternative work options, such as part-time and non-profit work. The majority of alums believe that a dearth of senior female role models, inhospitable corporate cultures, and the lack of supportive environments hold women back in the workplace.
除了协调妈妈的身份与职业之外，调查还发现，职场上的外部压力给女性带来了额外压力，迫使她们选择其他工作类型，例如兼职和非营利性工作。大多数校友都认为，缺少资深的女性榜样、冷漠的公司文化，以及缺乏支持性环境等，都使女性在职场上举步维艰。
