评论
打印
In the Mind article he had made it clear that he saw his model as one capable of absorbing all human communication, and this again reflected the positivist belief that science could elucidate human behaviour as it had already triumphed in the fields of physics and chemistry.
在发表于《心灵》的那篇论文中，图灵明确指出，他认为他的模型概括了所有的人类交流行为，这再次反映了他的实证主义信仰：如同物理和化学领域的成功那样，科学将会解释人类自身的行为。
The weak points of his argument were essentially the weaknesses of the analytical scientific method when applied to the discussion of human beings.
因此，图灵的缺陷本质上就是，他把自然科学的分析方法，应用到了人类社会。
Concepts of objective truth that worked so well for the prime numbers could not so straightforwardly be applied by scientists to other people.
所谓"客观事实"，也许在研究质数时很有用处，但却不能简单地用它来研究人类。
As he himself explained in introducing the central morphogenetic idea, any kind of simplification was inevitably a falsification.
图灵在提出关于形态学的想法时，曾经说过这样一句话：任何一种"简化"，都是某种程度上的欺骗。
If this was true in a discussion of the development of cells, it was all the more apposite a comment in respect of the development of human beings, whether of their 'intelligence' or of their yearning for communication, experience, and love.
如果说这句话在关于细胞的研究中是成立的，那么在关于人类的研究中，这句话就更加正确了。
When science used human words about human beings, could it actually separate the 'data' from the 'instructions' of society? Could it 'observe' or 'experiment', or formulate a 'problem', independently of social institutions? Could its assessment of importance and significance of facts, however honestly noted, do other than reflect the imperatives of the dominant ideology?
科学能否把社会抽象成数据和指令？科学能否脱离社会体制，通过独立地观察、实验、方程来解决社会问题？无论科学多么尊重事实，它能否违背统治阶级的意愿？
In the life sciences, the borderline between the spirit of truth and the esprit de corps was not as clear as it might seem in physics and chemistry. And this difficulty, that of separating fact from act, was very close to the weakness of his arguments for machine 'intelligence'.
在这样的"科学"中，真理和人性的界线，远远不像物理和化学那样清晰，这些问题都是图灵的机器智能所存在的缺陷。
This was a super-Godelian problem, concerning the capacity of scientific language to jump outside the society in which it was embodied, and a problem to which Alan Turing's mind was not attuned.
这是个超哥德尔式的问题，其本质在于，科学能否跳到承载它的这个社会之外，图灵没有能力解决这个问题。
Nor indeed, was the scientific mind of his time.
事实上，在他的那个时代，任何人都无法解决这个问题。
