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Now, the focus of this whole conference today
今天这个会议的讨论焦点
what I want to highlight
也是我报告的主题
is part of this perfect storm
就是关注青春期发展风暴中的一个层面
focus on sleep and sleep arousal regulation
关注睡眠和苏醒的调节机制
I think it's important to step back again
我认为我们有必要退一步
and broadly and think
从宏观方面去思考
why is sleep so important in the development
为什么睡眠在这些调节机制的发展过程中
in these regulatory systems
发挥了如此重要的作用
This is a fascinating and exciting story
这是一个引人注目同时又激动人心的问题
There's growing evidence for
有越来越多的证据证明
the role of sleep and learning, memory
睡眠对学习能力 记忆力
brain development
以及大脑发育产生的影响
It's intertwined with several aspects
睡眠还和生理及心理健康
of physical and emotional health
以及代谢平衡和肥胖问题
as well as metabolic balance and obesity we are talking about
有着密切的联系
It has critical implications for interventional policy in youth
对于青少年的干预性措施有着重要的意义
It's been rapidly progressing in several areas
和睡眠相关的很多领域的研究
relevant to understanding the role of sleep
都有相当快的发展
neuroscience of sleep-wake systems
关于睡眠-苏醒机制的神经科学
the neuroscience of circadian systems
生理系统的神经科学
the neuroscience of learning and memory
学习和记忆的神经科学
developmental neuroscience broadly
广义上的发展神经科学
especially cognitive, affective and social neuroscience
特别是认知 情感和社会神经科学
and the developmental psychology
发展心理学
understanding the role of family, social and cultural influences
理解家庭 社会和文化影响
What we need more of is integration across these levels
我们所需要的是这些研究领域的融合
Increasingly there are groups going after one slice of this
很多研究小组越来越多的关注其中一个领域
that tend to often ignore other aspects
而忽视了和这个复杂问题相关的
of these complex issues
其他领域的问题
especially social and cultural interaction with these influences
特别是社会和文化因素和这些影响之间的关系
Again, it's a fascinating story
我再次强调 这是一个引人注目的问题
I don't want to go...
我不打算...
even though I'm very very interested in how very early period
尽管我对人类早期的行为研究很感兴趣
as Susan was saying
正如苏珊所提到的那样
maybe infant sleep and toddler sleep
可能婴儿和幼年时期的睡眠
can really set the stage for this trajectories in powerful ways
很大程度上影响了人们后来的睡眠
I think that's important that
但我认为更重要的是
it is important to take the perspective
从另一个角度去看问题
of how important the sleep is in the developing brain
即睡眠对大脑发育到底起到了哪些重要作用
The average 2-year old child
2岁的孩子在两年中
has spent about 9,500 hours sleeping
平均睡觉时间为9500个小时
or about 13 months
也就是13个月
about 8,000 hours in waking activities combined
而醒着的活动时间为8000个小时
Between 2 and 5
从2岁到5岁
if you count naps
如果你把小睡也算上
about equal amounts of time spent sleeping and waking
睡眠和醒着的时间各占一半
