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If you are not in a safe environment
如果你身处的环境不安全
the last thing you want to do from a survival perspective
那么从生存的角度来看
is lose your vigilance
你最不应该丧失的就是警觉性
It makes sense that vigilance and threat
因此这就可以解释
and perceived threat should interfere with sleep because of this
警觉性和威胁 以及意识到的威胁 都会干扰到睡眠
If you think this from a human evolutionary point of view
如果你从人类进化的角度来看
not with modern houses and locked doors and alarms
不要考虑到现代的房屋 有上锁的门和警报器等
but rather the evolutionary conditions
而是从进化的角度来看
within which our sleep evolved
人类的睡眠环境
it's quite compelling to think about the situation
思考一下这种环境很有意思
because in stage 4 sleep
因为在第四阶段的睡眠期
we are completely unresponsive
我们对外界完全失去的反应
particularly young people
特别是年轻人
In REM sleep we lose muscle tone
在快速眼动期 我们失去了肌张力
we can't sleep in trees
我们无法在树上睡觉
Human ancestral environment was
人类祖先的生存环境中
filled with nocturnal hunting carnivores
到处都是夜间捕食的食肉动物
that make the modern surrounding look like a safe place.
现代的居住环境看起来要安全得多
Yet there is no evidence of physically safe sleep sites
但从人类学证据的角度来看
from anthropological record
根本不存在物理上安全的睡觉场所
The point here is that human sleep and human stress
这里需要注意到是 人类的睡眠和人类压力
evolved in social construct terms
是一个在社会环境下不断发展的概念
It's as Robert Posky has made clear
正如罗伯特帕斯齐
in a lot of his work with
在很多研究中明确指出的那样
all the baboons and other social primates
他对所有的狒狒和社会性灵长类动物进行了研究
that the real stress isn't elaborate approach
发现真正的压力并不是
to the tree of baboons
接近一棵全是狒狒的树木
because it's not gonna attack a tree of baboons
因为谁都无法袭击满树的狒狒
The real stress isn't doing dangerous things
真正的压力也不是
like driving 70 miles an hour in the interstate
在州际高速公路上以每小时70英里的速度开车
which is physically dangerous
这些都属于具有物理危险性的活动
the real stress is social evaluation or social rejection
真正的压力是社会评价 或者社会排斥
because an alone primate is dead primate
因为一个独自行动的灵长类动物必死无疑
This tendency to find social threats
物种的这种发现社会威胁的能力
so deeply vigilance enhancing and sleep interfering
提高了物种的警觉性影响了它们的睡眠
is a part of the framework for thinking
而这正是研究睡眠和压力之间关系时
about the interaction between sleep and stress
必须考虑到的宏观框架
But my point is those have important developmental implications
我认为这些问题对物种的发育具有重要的意义
Infants don't need to worry much about vigilance
婴儿不需要什么警觉性
until the age they start to crawl
直到他们学会了爬行
and then they have the beginnings of this
他们才渐渐开始有了警觉性
That's when they start having the suppression
而这个时候他们也开始出现了压抑感
and anxiety and their night waking go up
焦虑感 他们夜间醒来的次数也开始增多
