评论
打印
If only you had watched this video sooner, you would already have known how to use the third conditional.
你要是早点看这个视频，你就知道怎么用第三条件句了。
Mini English Lessons
迷你英语课
Let's talk about the third conditional.
我们来讲讲第三条件句。
The third conditional is used to describe an imaginary past event.
第三条件句描述假设的过去的事情。
We often use it for regrets or wishes in the past.
通常用来表达对过去的遗憾或愿望。
So I'm going to tell you a story about something that happened to me recently.
我要告诉你们最近发生在我身上的一件事。
And then afterwards, I'll show you how we can use the third conditional to talk about it.
之后，我会告诉你们怎样用第三条件句来讲这件事。
I woke up a little bit late on the day of a very important exam.
我有一个很重要的考试，但我在考试当天起床有点晚了。
Luckily, I wasn't very late, so I just had to rush a bit in the morning, and in the end, I managed to leave the house on time.
好在也没有太晚，就是早上有点匆忙，我最后还是按时出了门。
When I got to the school, I took my seat in the exam room, and the examiner asked to see my passport for ID.
我到了学校，在考场坐下来，考官要我出示护照，验证身份。
I checked in my bag, and the passport wasn't there. Oh, no!
我在包里找了找，没有护照，哦不！
Luckily, the examiner recognized me because the exam was at my school.
幸运的是考官认识我，因为考试地点就在我们学校。
So they said I could take the exam anyway, but with my driving licence as ID.
所以考官说我还是可以参加考试，但要用驾照证明身份。
I thought everything was okay, but at the end of the exam, the big boss came to see me
我以为没问题了，结果考试结束后，主考官来找我，
and said they could only accept my exam if I gave them my passport on the same day.
说除非我在当天给他们出示护照，否则不接受我的考试成绩。
So I had no choice but to cycle all the way back to my apartment to look for the passport.
所以我没办法，只能又骑车回家找护照。
I got there and I searched everywhere, but I couldn't find it.
我到了家，到处都找遍了，就是找不到。
And then I thought of something.
然后我想起一件事。
I went back to my bag and I looked in a little secret pocket inside, and the passport had been there the whole time.
我又拿来我的包，翻了下里面的一个隐藏口袋，原来护照一直都在这个口袋里。
So then I just had to cycle all the way back to school and show the examiners my passport so that finally they would accept the exam.
然后我又骑车回到学校，给考官们看了我的护照，他们终于接受我考试了。
So this is something that I regret, and I can use the third conditional to talk about it.
这是让我感到后悔的事，我可以用第三条件句来讲述。
For example, I could say, if I hadn't woken up late, I wouldn't have had to rush in the morning.
比如我可以说，要是我没有起床晚，我早上就不用那么匆忙。
That's a regret.
这是我后悔的一件事。
But I can also use it for positive things that happened, like, if the examiner hadn't recognized me, I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam.
但我也可以用第三条件句描述积极的事，比如：要是考官没有认出我，我就不会被允许考试。
In both these situations, we're using the same structure.
在这两个情境中，用的句式都是一样的。
We use if and then the past perfect.
if接过去完成时，
So that's the subject, had, and then the past participle.
也就是主语，had，过去分词。
And then in the conditional clause, you have would have and the past participle.
在条件从句中用would have和过去分词。
So subject, would have, past participle.
也就是主语，would have，过去分词。
You can switch these two clauses round if you want to.
也可以把主句和从句的位置交换。
For example, I wouldn't have been allowed to do the exam if the examiner hadn't recognized me.
比如：我不会被允许考试，要是考官没有认出我。
If you want to make a regret stronger, you can add the word only after if.
如果你想让后悔的语气更强烈，可以在if后面加only。
For example, if only I had checked my bag properly, I would have found my passport.
比如：我要是好好检查我的包，我就能找到护照了。
'If only' tells you that this is something I really regret.
if only表示我对某事感到非常后悔。
A similar structure that we can use to talk about regrets is wish plus past perfect.
另一个描述后悔的句式是wish加过去完成时。
For example, I wish I had taken the bus.
比如：我要是坐公交就好了。
And then you can add a consequence.
后面可以接一个表示结果的句子。
I wish I had taken the bus because then I wouldn't have been so tired at the end of the day.
我要是坐公交就好了，因为那样我晚上就不会那么累了。
So these are three structures you can use to talk about imaginary situations in the past.
这三个句式都可以用来描述假设的过去的情况。
The third conditional, if only, and wish.
第三条件句、if only、wish。
If only you had watched this video sooner, you would already have known how to use the third conditional.
你要是早点看这个视频，你就知道怎么用第三条件句了。
