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Section D: In this section, you will hear two short passages.
第四节：在本节中，你将听到两段短文。
The passages will be read twice.
每段短文读两遍。
After each passage, there will be a thirty-second pause.
每段短文后有30秒钟的停顿。
During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet.
在停顿期间，把答案写在答题纸上。
Dictation
听写。
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 21—25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear.
用你听到的单词或短语完成第21~25题。
The Amazon River begins in the Andes Mountains in South America.
亚马逊河发源于南美洲的安第斯山脉。
It passes through six countries before it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.
在流入大西洋之前，它要经过六个国家。
It is almost 6,500 kilometers long.
它几乎有6500公里长。
The Amazon is the second longest river in the world.
亚马逊河是世界上第二长的河流。
The Nile in Africa is longer.
非洲的尼罗河更长。
But the Amazon has more water in it than any other river.
但亚马逊河中的水量比其他任何河流都多。
This is why it is called the world’s biggest river.
这就是它被称为世界上最大的河流的原因。
There is so much water in the Amazon that when it reaches the sea this water travels far out into the ocean.
亚马逊河中有如此多的水，因此当它流入大海时，这些水会溢出去。
The water has a lot of mud in it, so it is brown.
水里有很多泥，所以它是棕色的。
Five hundred years ago, Spanish explorers on a ship 300 kilometers from land saw this brown water.
500年前，西班牙探险家在一艘距离陆地300公里的船上看到了这片棕色的水域。
They followed it and found the Amazon River!
他们顺着它找到了亚马逊河！
The river is very deep and very wide.
这条河又深又宽。
In some places it is so wide that a person on one side cannot see the other side.
在一些地方，它是如此之宽，以至于人在河的一边看不到另一边。
When the river floods, it is even wider.
当河水泛滥时，它会变得更宽。
The river floods every year.
这条河每年都会泛滥。
Some people who live beside the river build their houses on rafts.
一些住在河边的人在木筏上盖房子。
When the river rises, their houses rise too!
当河水上涨时，他们的房子也会上涨！
The Amazon River begins in the Andes Mountains in South America.
亚马逊河发源于南美洲的安第斯山脉。
It passes through six countries before it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.
在流入大西洋之前，它要经过六个国家。
It is almost 6,500 kilometers long.
它几乎有6500公里长。
The Amazon is the second longest river in the world.
亚马逊河是世界上第二长的河流。
The Nile in Africa is longer.
非洲的尼罗河更长。
But the Amazon has more water in it than any other river.
但亚马逊河中的水量比其他任何河流都多。
This is why it is called the world’s biggest river.
这就是它被称为世界上最大的河流的原因。
There is so much water in the Amazon that when it reaches the sea this water travels far out into the ocean.
亚马逊河中有如此多的水，因此当它流入大海时，这些水会溢出去。
The water has a lot of mud in it, so it is brown.
水里有很多泥，所以它是棕色的。
Five hundred years ago, Spanish explorers on a ship 300 kilometers from land saw this brown water.
500年前，西班牙探险家在一艘距离陆地300公里的船上看到了这片棕色的水域。
They followed it and found the Amazon River!
他们顺着它找到了亚马逊河！
The river is very deep and very wide.
这条河又深又宽。
In some places it is so wide that a person on one side cannot see the other side.
在一些地方，它是如此之宽，以至于人在河的一边看不到另一边。
When the river floods, it is even wider.
当河水泛滥时，它会变得更宽。
The river floods every year.
这条河每年都会泛滥。
Some people who live beside the river build their houses on rafts.
一些住在河边的人在木筏上盖房子。
When the river rises, their houses rise too!
当河水上涨时，他们的房子也会上涨！
Summary
摘要
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 26—30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank.
完成26~30题的笔记，每个空格不超过3个单词。
At night, look up at the sky.
在夜晚，抬头仰望天空。
How many stars do you see?
你看到了多少颗星星？
If you live in the country, bright stars will fill the sky.
如果你住在乡下，明亮的星星会布满天空。
If you live in a city, on the other hand, you might not see any stars.
另一方面，如果你住在城市里，你可能会看不到任何星星。
What’s happening?
发生什么事了呢？
Bright lights from the city are lighting the sky, blocking the stars.
城市里明亮的灯光照亮了天空，挡住了星星。
This is light pollution.
这是光污染。
Light can also come into city homes, like an uninvited guest.
光也可以像不速之客一样进入城市家庭。
Sometimes, a visitor to a big city can’t sleep because of the bright, flashing sign outside his or her window.
有时，到大城市的游客会因为窗外明亮、闪烁的牌子而睡不着觉。
Darkness helps us sleep.
黑暗帮助我们入睡。
Without darkness, we lie awake losing sleep.
没有黑暗，我们睡不着觉。
Losing sleep can lead to serious health problems because our immune systems become weak.
失眠会导致严重的健康问题，因为我们的免疫系统会变弱。
Nature’s beings need darkness.
自然界的生物需要黑暗。
It’s part of the natural 24-hour cycle.
这是24小时自然周期的一部分。
Trees and plants that are too close to artificial light grow in strange ways and die quickly.
离人造光太近的树木和植物会以奇怪的方式生长，很快就会死亡。
Animals become confused when the normal patterns of light and dark are changed.
当正常的明暗模式被改变时，动物就会感到困惑。
For example, birds flying to their winter homes can get lost.
例如，飞往冬季家园的鸟类可能会迷路。
Also, night animals might think it’s day when it’s actually night.
此外，夜行性动物可能会认为这是白天，但实际上是夜晚。
Finally, using too many lights wastes energy and money.
最后，使用太多的灯会浪费能源和金钱。
The huge lights for all night parking lots and gas stations are too bright and unnecessary.
整晚停车场和加油站的大灯太亮了，没有必要。
Every city spends millions of dollars a year to light its thousands of buildings and streets.
每个城市每年都要花费数百万美元来照亮它的数千座建筑和街道。
And much of this lighting is just to make the city look attractive, rather than to provide practical use.
这些灯光大多只是为了让城市看起来更有吸引力，而没有实际用途。
True, we feel safer in the light.
没错，我们在光下会感觉更安全。
But our eyes are able to see a little in darkness.
但我们的眼睛能在黑暗中看到一点东西。
And we don’t need to light the entire city just to create an attractive night view.
我们不需要仅仅为了创造迷人的夜景而点亮整个城市。
We should try to turn the lights down (reduce) to save the Earth and its creatures from this pollution.
我们应该尽量把灯光调暗，以保护地球和它的生物免受这种污染。
At night, look up at the sky.
在夜晚，抬头仰望天空。
How many stars do you see?
你看到了多少颗星星？
If you live in the country, bright stars will fill the sky.
如果你住在乡下，明亮的星星会布满天空。
If you live in a city, on the other hand, you might not see any stars.
另一方面，如果你住在城市里，你可能会看不到任何星星。
What’s happening?
发生什么事了呢？
Bright lights from the city are lighting the sky, blocking the stars.
城市里明亮的灯光照亮了天空，挡住了星星。
This is light pollution.
这是光污染。
Light can also come into city homes, like an uninvited guest.
光也可以像不速之客一样进入城市家庭。
Sometimes, a visitor to a big city can’t sleep because of the bright, flashing sign outside his or her window.
有时，到大城市的游客会因为窗外明亮、闪烁的牌子而睡不着觉。
Darkness helps us sleep.
黑暗帮助我们入睡。
Without darkness, we lie awake losing sleep.
没有黑暗，我们睡不着觉。
Losing sleep can lead to serious health problems because our immune systems become weak.
失眠会导致严重的健康问题，因为我们的免疫系统会变弱。
Nature’s beings need darkness.
自然界的生物需要黑暗。
It’s part of the natural 24-hour cycle.
这是24小时自然周期的一部分。
Trees and plants that are too close to artificial light grow in strange ways and die quickly.
离人造光太近的树木和植物会以奇怪的方式生长，很快就会死亡。
Animals become confused when the normal patterns of light and dark are changed.
当正常的明暗模式被改变时，动物就会感到困惑。
For example, birds flying to their winter homes can get lost.
例如，飞往冬季家园的鸟类可能会迷路。
Also, night animals might think it’s day when it’s actually night.
此外，夜行性动物可能会认为这是白天，但实际上是夜晚。
Finally, using too many lights wastes energy and money.
最后，使用太多的灯会浪费能源和金钱。
The huge lights for all night parking lots and gas stations are too bright and unnecessary.
整晚停车场和加油站的大灯太亮了，没有必要。
Every city spends millions of dollars a year to light its thousands of buildings and streets.
每个城市每年都要花费数百万美元来照亮它的数千座建筑和街道。
And much of this lighting is just to make the city look attractive, rather than to provide practical use.
这些灯光大多只是为了让城市看起来更有吸引力，而没有实际用途。
True, we feel safer in the light.
没错，我们在光下会感觉更安全。
But our eyes are able to see a little in darkness.
但我们的眼睛能在黑暗中看到一点东西。
And we don’t need to light the entire city just to create an attractive night view.
我们不需要仅仅为了创造迷人的夜景而点亮整个城市。
We should try to turn the lights down (reduce) to save the Earth and its creatures from this pollution.
我们应该尽量把灯光调暗，以保护地球和它的生物免受这种污染。
This is the end of listening part, please transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
听力部分到此结束。请将答案誊写在答题纸上。
