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n. 仁慈，好意
The process of creation is unique to every writer. Each of my novels differs from the others in terms of plot and guiding inspiration. Some, such as “The Transparent Carrot,” were born in dreams, while others, like The Garlic Ballads have their origin in actual events. Whether the source of a work is a dream or real life, only if it is integrated with individual experience can it be imbued with individuality, be populated with typical characters molded by lively detail, employ richly evocative language, and boast a well crafted structure. Here I must point out that in The Garlic Ballads I introduced a real-life storyteller and singer in one of the novel’s most important roles. I wish I hadn’t used his real name, though his words and actions were made up. This is a recurring phenomenon with me. I’ll start out using characters’ real names in order to achieve a sense of intimacy, and after the work is finished, it will seem too late to change those names. This has led to people who see their names in my novels going to my father to vent their displeasure. He always apologizes in my place, but then urges them not to take such things so seriously. He’ll say: “The first sentence in Red Sorghum, ‘My father, a bandit’s offspring,’ didn’t upset me, so why should you be unhappy?”
我在写作《天堂蒜薹之歌》这类逼近社会现实的小说时，面对着的最大问题，其实不是我敢不敢对社会上的黑暗现象进行批评，而是这燃烧的激情和愤怒会让政治压倒文学，使这部小说变成一个社会事件的纪实报告。小说家是社会中人，他自然有自己的立场和观点，但小说家在写作时，必须站在人的立场上，把所有的人都当做人来写。只有这样，文学才能发端事件但超越事件，关心政治但大于政治。
My greatest challenges come with writing novels that deal with social realities, such as The Garlic Ballads, not because I’m afraid of being openly critical of the darker aspects of society, but because heated emotions and anger allow politics to suppress literature and transform a novel into reportage of a social event. As a member of society, a novelist is entitled to his own stance and viewpoint; but when he is writing he must take a humanistic stance, and write accordingly. Only then can literature not just originate in events, but transcend them, not just show concern for politics but be greater than politics.
可能是因为我经历过长期的艰难生活，使我对人性有较为深刻的了解。我知道真正的勇敢是什么，也明白真正的悲悯是什么。我知道，每个人心中都有一片难用是非善恶准确定性的朦胧地带，而这片地带，正是文学家施展才华的广阔天地。只要是准确地、生动地描写了这个充满矛盾的朦胧地带的作品，也就必然地超越了政治并具备了优秀文学的品质。
Possibly because I’ve lived so much of my life in difficult circumstances, I think I have a more profound understanding of life. I know what real courage is, and I understand true compassion. I know that nebulous terrain exists in the hearts and minds of every person, terrain that cannot be adequately characterized in simple terms of right and wrong or good and bad, and this vast territory is where a writer gives free rein to his talent. So long as the work correctly and vividly describes this nebulous, massively contradictory terrain, it will inevitably transcend politics and be endowed with literary excellence.
喋喋不休地讲述自己的作品是令人厌烦的，但我的人生是与我的作品紧密相连的，不讲作品，我感到无从下嘴，所以还得请各位原谅。
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