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9Reactivity
Reactivity is the tendency of people to act or appear differently when they know that they are being observed. In the 1920s, Hawthorne Works (a manufacturing facility) commissioned a study to see if different levels of light influenced worker productivity. What they found was incredible, changing the light caused productivity to soar! Unfortunately, when the study was finished, productivity levels decreased to their regular levels. This was because the change in productivity was not due to the light levels, but to the workers being watched. This demonstrated a form of reactivity; when individuals know they are being watched, they are motivated to change their behavior, generally to make themselves look better. Reactivity is a serious problem in research, and has to be controlled in blind experiments (“Blind” is when individuals involved in a research study are purposely withheld information so as not to influence the outcomes).
9反映
反应是指当人们发觉他们被观察的时候会表现的与众不同。在19世纪20年代，Hawthorne Works（一家生产企业）做了一个实验，来看看在不同的光线条件下员工的生产率。他们的发现难以置信，光线的改变增加了很多生产力！可惜当这个研究被完成的时候，实验生产力低于他们的正常生产力。不是因为光线没有在最合适的水平，而是因为员工发现他们被观察了，他们就改变了他们的行为模式，为了使他们看上去更好看。在研究中反应是一个很严肃的问题，而且已经在盲人实验中使用了。（盲人是指，当个体在被进行实验时，他们被要求不要因外界条件的改变而改变）
