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Spring is a peak season for pollen allergies, primarily caused by wind-pollinated plants that release large amounts of pollen, affecting people's nasal passages, eyes and airways.
春季是花粉过敏的高发季节。花粉过敏是由风媒传粉植物引起的，这些植物释放大量花粉，影响到人们的鼻腔、眼结膜和气道。
The most direct cause behind the increasing cases of pollen allergies is the rise in pollen levels. Guan Kai, director of the Allergy Department at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, told Xinhua News Agency that the world is "greening", and with global warming, the growth cycles of vegetation have been extended, lengthening the pollen season. Consequently, allergens are becoming more abundant.
日益增长的花粉过敏背后，最直接的原因是花粉量的增加。北京协和医院变态（过敏）反应科主任关凯在接受新华网采访时表示，全球“变绿了”，加上随着全球变暖，植被的生长周期变长，花粉季也变长了，这也导致过敏原变得越来越多。
Take the example of juniper. Its abundant pollen, though small in size, can spread like a "sandstorm" when released in large quantities. Juniper pollen is one of the main components causing allergic reactions in Beijing this year.
以圆柏为例，圆柏花粉数量多、颗粒小，集中散布时就像“沙尘暴”一般，是北京花粉致敏的主要成分之一。
The strategy for managing juniper pollen focuses on three aspects: controlling the source of pollen, increasing timely pollen deposition and delaying the release time.
圆柏花粉治理的思路主要基于花粉源头防治、增加及时沉降及延缓释放时间三个方面。
Junipers are divided into male and female plants. The female plants do not produce pollen, while the male plants have microsporangiate strobilus structures that are the source of pollen production.
圆柏分雌株和雄株，其中雌株不飞粉，雄株有小孢子叶球结构，是花粉产生的源头。
Professor Qin Ling's team from the School of Plant Science and Technology at Beijing Agricultural University has conducted research on regulating the catkins of chestnut trees, which has inspired new approaches to managing juniper pollen.
北京农学院植物科学技术学院秦岭教授团队此前对板栗雄花序调控的研究为治理圆柏花粉提供了新灵感。
"Based on the discovery of short male catkin bud variants in chestnuts, we developed a 'promote-female and reduce-male' technology to cultivate new varieties with sterile male catkins," Qin said. "For male junipers, we can inhibit the formation of microsporangiate strobilus at critical stages, reducing their number to 20 percent of the original, thereby decreasing pollen production at the source."
“我们基于板栗短雄花序芽变种质的发现，研发出板栗‘促雌减雄’技术，从而培育出了板栗雄花序败育新品种。对于圆柏雄株，我们在雄株小孢子叶球形成的关键期进行抑制，使其数量减少至原来的20%，从根源上减少花粉量。”
In addition to controlling pollen at the source and reducing it midway, another effective method is to decrease the pollen concentration after it has formed. The main approach currently is to use non-polluting water spray, which is particularly suitable for protecting ancient juniper trees.
除了源头控制花粉、中途调控减少花粉，还可以在花粉形成后减少其浓度，目前主要的方式就是无污染的喷水方式，适合需要重点保护的圆柏古树。
The National Museum of Natural History, in collaboration with the Beijing Botanical Society and the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has launched a citizen science project called the "Beijing Juniper Distribution Survey". This project utilizes information technology to engage the public in ground observations of junipers. It aims to achieve earlier and more precise pollen warnings and provide research and decision-making support for the scientific management of pollen allergens in the future.
国家自然博物馆联合北京植物学会，与中国科学院华南植物园合作，共同发起“北京圆柏分布调查”公民科学项目，结合信息技术手段发动公众对圆柏进行地面观测，有望实现更早期的精准预警，也为未来花粉过敏原的科学治理提供研究和决策支持。
Xu Zhoufeng, an engineer at the Herbarium of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that ground observations of juniper phenology can capture more accurate phenological signals of the plants. By aggregating large-scale local phenological data of junipers, it is possible to more accurately predict the pollination time, thereby providing earlier warnings.
中国科学院华南植物园标本馆工程师徐洲锋表示，通过圆柏植株物候的地面观测，可以捕获更加准确的植物物候信号，汇聚大规模的局地植株物候数据，就有可能更加准确的推测圆柏的传粉时间，从而做到更早期的预警。
Liu Xiaoli, an associate researcher at the National Museum of China, said that although the pollen dispersal times of junipers do not vary significantly from year to year, earlier warnings would greatly benefit allergy sufferers. If we can prepare in advance, allowing individuals to take measures such as using water sprays, regularly pruning, or applying pollen fixatives to plants, many people will have a better time during spring.
国家博物馆副研究员刘晓丽表示，圆柏花粉散播的时间在不同年份虽然差异不是太大，但是对于过敏群体来说，越早的预警受益会越大。如果能够做到未雨绸缪，让过敏的人能够提前做好准备或者能够提取对植株进行一定的处理，比如喷水沉降、定期剪枝、喷洒花粉固定剂等，相信很多人的春天会更好过一些。
记者：闫东洁
本文转载自中国日报网，如有侵权，请联系我们删除。
