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More than three-quarters of the video game consoles, food processors and electric fans imported into the US last year were made in China. Anyone hoping to purchase toys will also have to grapple with higher prices. China made 75 percent of the dolls, tricycles, scooters and other wheeled toys delivered to US consumers from abroad last year.
去年，美国进口的电子游戏机、食品加工机和电风扇等产品中，超过四分之三产自中国；美国人购买的娃娃、三轮车、滑板车等玩具，也有75%产自中国。眼下，所有想要购买这些商品的美国消费者都将面对更高的价格。
Mattel, the toymaker behind the Barbie doll, warned it could raise US prices to offset the impact of the levies — and that was before Trump's latest escalation in the tit-for-tat tariff war. The California-based company, which also makes Hot Wheels cars and the Uno card game, said 40 percent of its products were made in China.
早在特朗普升级关税战之前，芭比娃娃的制造商美泰公司就警告称，该公司可能会提高在美国的售价，以弥补关税带来的影响。除了芭比娃娃，这家美国玩具制造商还生产风火轮汽车和UNO纸牌，该公司40%的产品都在中国制造。
The levies mean staying cool during the summer months may prove expensive for Americans not already prepared — nine in 10 electric fans bought from abroad in the US last year came from China, as did 40 percent of self-contained air- conditioning units. China dominates the global export market for both.
对于那些尚未对关税做好准备的美国人来说，想要度过一个凉爽的夏天可能要付出高昂代价。去年美国从海外进口的风扇中，有90%来自中国；独立式空调中，有40%来自中国。就上述两类产品而言，中国占据着全球出口市场的主导地位。
Americans thinking of purchasing a new microwave will also face potential price increases; 90 percent of those imported into the US last year came from China, and Beijing controls three-quarters of the global export market.
考虑购买新微波炉的美国人也将面临潜在的价格上涨；中国控制了全球四分之三的出口市场，去年美国进口的微波炉有90%来自中国。
China's dominance of so many global exports means finding alternative manufacturers will not be easy, according to former UK trade department official Allie Renison, now at consultancy SEC Newgate.
英国贸易部前官员、现就职于SEC Newgate咨询公司的艾莉·雷尼森说，中国在全球众多出口产品中占据主要地位，这意味着寻找替代制造商并不容易。
"American and Western businesses have been shifting their supply chains out of China and to other Asian countries in recent years," she said. "But with so many Chinese raw materials and component parts still going into the products they're assembling, much will depend on how exacting these product-specific rules are and how US-friendly the countries are."
她表示，近年来，美国和西方企业一直在将供应链从中国转移到其他亚洲国家，但其组装的产品仍大量使用中国原材料和零部件。在雷尼森看来，能否替代中国产品取决于针对这些具体产品的规则有多严格，以及相关国家对美国的“友好程度”。
Moving manufacturing out of China is particularly difficult for electronic products such as games consoles and mobile phones because of their complex supply chains and the skill required to make them.
而对于游戏机和手机等电子产品而言，想把制造业迁出中国尤为困难，因为其供应链复杂，对制造这些产品的技术要求也很高。
"Rapid decoupling will be quite difficult, especially for goods like smartphones where additional capacity must be created, workers trained and alternative supply lines for inputs established,” said Jason Miller, a professor at Michigan State University's College of Business.
美国密歇根州立大学商学院教授杰森·米勒表示：“快速脱钩将非常困难，特别是对于智能手机等必须创造额外产能、培训工人和建立替代供应链的商品而言。”
If Apple were to reserve its entire iPhone output from India for the US market, it would still only cover about half of the 50mn-plus models the company ships to America each year, according to Bank of America analyst Wamsi Mohan.
美国银行分析师瓦姆西·莫汉则直言，即使苹果公司将其在印度生产的iPhone全部（约2500万部）供应给美国市场，也只能满足美国一半的需求。
Overall, four in five of the smartphones and games consoles imported into the US last year were made in China. Trump has not ruled out some US companies being exempted from reciprocal tariffs, but the worry for shoppers is that other products may not be available at all.
总体而言，去年进口到美国的智能手机和游戏机中，有五分之四是中国制造的。特朗普没有排除一些美国公司免征对等关税的可能性，但消费者担心的是，其他产品可能根本买不到。
来源：观察者网 金融时报
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