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Hello everyone! I'm Hank Green and Elon Musk wants to blow up Mars!
大家好！我是汉克·格林。伊隆·马斯克想要炸掉火星！
OK, no. He said that if you want to make Mars livable really quickly,
不是这样，他说如果你想尽快让火星宜居，
we just need to drop some nuclear bombs on the poles.
我们只需要在两极投放一些核弹。
The idea is that the bombs would be a quick way to terraform Mars.
他的想法是，核弹将会快速使火星地球化。
In other words, make the planet capable of supporting human life, or at least more comfortable for human life.
换句话说，让火星能够适合人类生活，或者至少让人们生活的更舒适。
These nuclear explosions would have the double effect of adding a lot of heat to the Martian atmosphere.
这些核爆炸将会有双重影响，为火星大气增加很多热量，
And also releasing a bunch of the water and carbon dioxide locked in the ice at the poles.
同时也将锁在极点冰川的大量水和二氧化碳释放了出来。
Water and CO2 are both potent greenhouse gases. So Mars would warm up more.
水和二氧化碳都是强有力的温室气体。所以火星会升温.
Possibly enough for people to not be dead. For a fairly long time, if exposed on the surface.
如果人们很长一段时间暴露在其表面，可能也不会冻死。
We talked a little bit about terraforming before.
我们之前讲过一点儿地球化。
And there are ways that it could work on Mars.
有些方法可能对火星有用。
But, contrary to the title of this video, there are quite a number of problems with Musk's idea.
但与这个视频的标题相反，马斯克的想法存在很多问题。
First, you're talking about making Mars even more radioactive than it already is.
首先，你说的是火星会比之前有更多辐射。
Mars has terrifically strong winds and any ionizing radiation from the nuclear weapons would only add to one of the greatest challenges we face in exploring Mars.
火星上有强风，任何核武器的电离辐射只会增加我们探索火星的难度。
That being not the lack of oxygen, or air pressure, or livable temperatures, but the lack of a magnetic field.
火星不是缺氧或气压或宜居温度，而是缺乏磁场。
On Earth, our magnetic field bends the sun's radiation around us.
地球的磁场使我们周围的太阳辐射发生弯曲。
Now, our atmosphere also helps with that, but the magnetic field is a big deal.
现在，我们的大气也有所帮助，但磁场仍是个大问题。
And our bodies evolved to live on this planet,
我们的身体进化，使自己适于生活在这行星上，
so, when we don't have that magnetic field, like when we're in space, our bodies don't do particularly well.
所以，我们没有磁场时，就像在太空中一样，我们的身体会不舒服。
DNA ionizes, cancers form, organs are damaged.
DNA电离，癌症形成，器官受损都会发生。
Now, it's not an immediate death sentence.
现在，我们并没有直接判死刑。
And it would be made better if there was some CO2 and water in the atmosphere.
如果大气中有水和二氧化碳会更好。
But it would definitely decrease the lifespan of residents on Mars.
但它肯定会减少火星上居民的寿命。
Additionally, blowing up a bunch of nuclear bombs, and, to be clear, it would be a bunch of them, not just one or two,
此外，在火星表面炸毁一堆核弹，再讲清楚点儿，一堆核弹，不是一两个，
on the surface of Mars would also seriously mess with our scientific goals.
也会严重扰乱我们的科研目标。
I want people on Mars as much as the next geek.
我对登火星的愿望和出现下一个天才是一样的。
But, the reason I want them there is primarily, so we can study our universe and expand our sample size of well-understood planets from one to two.
但是，我想要他们在这里的原因是主要的，那样我们就可以研究宇宙，并将我们熟悉的行星样本从1个增加到2个。
And, particularly, if we can expand our sample size of well-understood biologies from one to two.
特别是，如果我们可以将熟悉的生物学样本从一种扩大到两种。
Regardless of how likely, or unlikely, it is that Mars has life.
不管可能性大小，这都证明火星上有生命。
The last thing I want to do is introduce a massive change to the potential Martian ecosystem before we're able to study it.
我想做的最后一件事是，在我们能够研究火星的生态系统之前，先给它一个巨大的变化。
Now, my last problem with this, aside from my growing belief that Elon Musk is literal supervillian,
现在，我的最后一个问题与此有关，除了我越来越相信伊隆·马斯克是不折不扣的超级大反派，
is that I have not mentioned the biggest problem with Mars's habitability.
我还没有提到火星适居性的最大问题。
It's kind of a dumb one, and it's not sexy, and it was only recently confirmed: Perchlorates.
它有点儿愚蠢、无聊，最近才被确认，它就是高氯酸盐。
They're Chlorine atoms bonded to four Oxygens in an ionic compound with some metal.
它们是含有氯原子和四个氧原子的离子化合物，并夹杂了一些金属元素。
Calcium Perchlorate seems to be everywhere on Mars, in quantities that will be very dangerous to people.
高氯酸钙似乎在火星上到处都是，其数量对人们来说是非常危险的。
Up tp 1% of the Martian soil is calcium Perchlorate, which is an extremely strong oxidizer,
在火星土壤中，有1%是高氯酸钙，它是一种非常强的氧化剂，
In low quantities, it interferes with the thyroid, which controls your body's endocrine system.
在低剂量的情况下，它会干扰控制你身体内分泌系统的甲状腺。
In high quantities, it burns lungs, eyes and skin.
在高剂量的情况下，它燃烧肺、 眼睛和皮肤。
Martian dust is everywhere. Tiny, tiny, particles of it constantly blowing around the planet.
火星灰尘到处都是。微小粒子不断在行星上四处飘动。
These particles, which contain perchlorate salts are so tiny that it would be extremely difficult to wash off suits.
这些包含高氯酸钙的粒子非常小，很难从衣服上洗掉。
The good news, though, is that perchlorates are an excellent sources of oxygen and can even be burned as fuel.
不过，有个好消息是，高氯酸盐是很好的氧气来源，甚至可以作为燃料燃烧。
There are simple bioshemical reactions that make perchlorate harmless and release oxygen.
有一些简单的生物化学反应，可以使高氯酸盐无害并释放氧气。
Which means we pretty much won't have to bring any oxygen with us to Mars.
这意味着我们不需要带很多氧气到火星上去。
On Earth, there are bacteria that consume perchlorate.
在地球上，有细菌消耗高氯酸盐。
Meaning that it may be an important part of potential Martian ecologies.
这意味着它可能是潜在火星生态系统的重要组成部分。
The bad news is: Mars is covered in poison. And we can't nuke it away.
坏消息是:火星上布满了毒药,我们炸不掉它。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow, which is brought to you by our patrons on Patreon.
感谢你收看本期的太空科学秀，它是由“Patreon”赞助播出的。
And also by Space-X and Tesla Motors. Not really.
还有太空x和特斯拉汽车的赞助。不完全是
I don't actually don't know if I can even say that if you're one of our supporters: Thank you very much.
如果你是赞助商之一，我不知道我是否能说出来感谢的话。
If you want to become one, you can go to Patreon.com/SciShow.
如果你想成为一个赞助商，请登录Patreon.com/SciShow。
And if you wanna just keep getting smarter here with us, you can go to YouTube.com/SciShow and subscribe.
如果你只想继续和我们变聪明，可以登录YouTube.com/SciShow点击订阅。
