评论
打印
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Georgie. Whether it's Cinderella, David and Goliath, or the Rocky movies, we all love an underdog story.
你好。这里是BBC英语六分钟。我是尼尔。我是乔吉。无论是《灰姑娘》、《大卫与歌利亚》还是电影《洛奇》，我们都喜欢弱者的故事。
The underdog in a situation is the person who seems least likely to win. Nevertheless, with some luck and plenty of hard work, the underdog sometimes ends up the winner.
在某种情况下，弱者是最不可能获胜的人。然而，凭借一些运气以及许多努力，弱者有时最终会成为胜利者。
Sport is full of underdog stories, minor teams and sportspeople who play with courage and end up beating the superstars and multi-million pound clubs.
体育运动充满了弱者的故事，小球队及其运动员勇敢地比赛，最终击败了超级巨星和价值数百万英镑的俱乐部。
But if you were given a choice between your team being the favourite to win or being the underdog, it's pretty obvious you'd want to be the favourite, right?
但如果让你在夺冠热门和弱者之间做出选择，很明显你会想成为夺冠热门，对吧？
Well yes, being the favourite gives a team confidence. But maybe the fact that no-one expects the underdog to win is actually an advantage which could help them to a surprise victory.
成为最有希望获胜者会给球队带来信心。但也许没人期望弱者获胜这一事实实际上是一种优势，可以帮助他们取得意外的胜利。
In this programme, we'll be hearing about an underdog football club doing just that, and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary too.
在本节目中，我们将听到一个处于劣势的足球俱乐部正在这样做，并且像往常一样，我们也将学习一些有用的新词汇。
Great. But first I have a question for you, Georgie.
好的，但首先我有一个问题要问你，乔吉。
One of the biggest underdog stories in sports history happened in the 2015-16 English football season when a little known club beat top clubs like Manchester City and Liverpool, overcoming odds of 5000-1 to win the Premier League.
2015-16 英格兰足球赛季上诞生了体育史上一大弱者逆袭故事，当时一家名不见经传的俱乐部击败了曼城和利物浦等顶级俱乐部，以5000比1的赔率赢得了英超冠军。
But which club? Was it? a) Charlton Athletic? b) Leicester City? or, c) Crystal Palace? I'll guess it was Crystal Palace. OK, Georgie, I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the programme.
是以下哪个俱乐部呢？a) 查尔顿竞技b) 莱斯特城c) 水晶宫。我猜是水晶宫。好的，乔吉，我会在节目结束时揭晓正确答案。
The English football Premier League is a good place to find underdogs.
英格兰足球超级联赛是寻找弱者的好地方。
Each season the three best clubs in the second league are promoted up, while the three weakest Premier clubs are relegated down. One club that knows all about relegation is Luton Town FC.
每个赛季，乙级联赛中最好的三支球队都会升级，而英超最弱的三支球队则会降级。卢顿镇足球俱乐部是一支对降级了如指掌的俱乐部。
In 2009, Luton Town were relegated entirely from the English League. Slowly their fortunes improved however, and they've now become the first English team to progress from non-league to the Premier League.
2009年，卢顿镇从英格兰联赛完全降级。然而，他们的命运慢慢好转，现在他们成为第一支从非联赛晋级英超的英格兰球队。
Here's Luton fan, Alex, talking about his team's chances to BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle:
卢顿球迷Alex正在BBC广播节目《心理肌肉》中谈论其球队的机会：
…But some of these elite Premier League clubs will look down their nose at us and just think we shouldn't be there, and we are there on merit and we've just gotta prove it this season.
但是一些英超精英俱乐部会看不起我们，认为我们不应该在英超，而我们是凭实力升到英超的，我们必须在本赛季证明这一点。
So we are the underdog, certainly financially, but on the pitch I don't think we will be.
我们在经济上确实处于劣势，但在球场上我认为我们不会。
Alex thinks some of the rich Premier League clubs look down their noses at Luton. If you look down your nose at someone, you think you're better than them.
Alex认为一些富有的英超俱乐部对卢顿不屑一顾。如果你看不起某人，你就会认为你比他们更好。
But underdogs, Luton, have done better than expected, even beating some of the big clubs like Newcastle United.
但处于劣势的卢顿表现比预期要好，甚至击败了纽卡斯尔联等一些大俱乐部。
The question is how? Is there something about being the underdog that improves a team's chances of winning?
问题是如何？弱者是否可以提高球队获胜的机会？
To answer that, sports psychologist, Gillian Cook, spoke to BBC Radio programme, Mental Muscle:
为了回答这个问题，运动心理学家吉莉安·库克(Gillian Cook)在接受BBC广播节目《心理肌肉》采访时说道：
So, you can find that when the newly promoted team comes up they've got high confidence 'cause they just come from a season of winning - so they've got the belief that they can do it.
你会发现，当升班马球队上来时，他们信心十足，因为他们刚刚经历了一个胜利的赛季，所以他们相信自己能做到。
But on the flip side it's just as important to look at the top dog's performance who… everyone expects them to win, they're playing the newly promoted team.
但另一方面，看看顶级球队的表现也同样重要，每个人都希望他们获胜，他们正在对阵升班马。
So we might think of Man City who might be about to come up against Luton Town…
所以我们可能会想到曼城可能即将对阵卢顿镇……
So what we can see from that is what in psychology literature is known as choking, and that's when pressure gets to an individual or a team and they underperform.
因此，我们可以从中看到心理学文献中所谓的“克拉克现象”，即个人或团队受到压力而表现不佳。
Clubs newly promoted to the Premier League are used to winning and start the season confidently. On the flip side, they have to play much stronger teams than before.
刚升入英超的俱乐部已经习惯了胜利，自信满满开始新赛季。另一方面，他们必须对阵比以前更强的球队。
The phrase, on the flip side, is used to show the opposite, less positive side of something.
on the flip side这个短语用来表示事物相反的、不那么积极的一面。
Of course it's not just the underdog playing, there are also top dogs, the most successful or powerful person or team.
当然，不仅仅是弱者在比赛，还有顶级选手、最成功或最强大的个人或团队。
No-one expects underdogs to win and this gives them freedom to relax and play naturally.
没有人期望处于劣势的队伍获胜，这让他们可以自由地放松比赛。
Top dogs, on the other hand, experience a lot of expectation, and this sometimes leads to choking, a sports term which describes the failure of a player to perform their best because of psychological pressure or social expectation.
另一方面，优胜者会背负很多期望，这有时会导致“克拉克现象”，这是一个体育术语，描述球员由于心理压力或社会期望过高而未能发挥最佳水平。
Choking causes teams and players to underperform, to perform worse than expected. It's also true that neutral fans - people watching a match when their team isn't playing - tend to support the underdog as well. In football, it's tough at the top!
“克拉克现象”会导致球队和球员表现不佳，表现比预期更差。中立的球迷（在支持的球队没有比赛时观看比赛的人）也倾向于支持弱者。在足球场上，夺魁是很艰难的！
I think it's time you reveal the answer to your question, Neil. You asked me about the famous Premier League winning underdogs of the 2015-16 football season, and I guessed it was Crystal Palace… Which was… the wrong answer, I'm afraid, Georgie.
我想你是时候揭晓问题的答案了，尼尔。你问我关于 2015-16 赛季英超联赛中著名的获胜弱旅，我猜是水晶宫。这恐怕是错误的答案，乔吉。
In fact it was Leicester City, nicknamed the Foxes, who became the unexpected champions of the Premier League.
事实上，绰号“狐狸”的莱斯特城意外地成为了英超联赛的冠军。
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme about the underdog, the person in a competition or situation who seems least likely to win.
让我们回顾一下本节目中学到的关于弱者的词汇，即在竞争或情况下最不可能获胜的人。
If you look down your nose at someone, you think you are superior to them. The phrase, on the flip side, is used to show the opposite, less positive, or less popular side of something.
如果你look down your nose at someone，你就会认为自己比他们优越。on the flip side这个短语用来表示某事物相反的、不那么积极或不那么受欢迎的一面。
The top dog is an informal way of saying the most successful or powerful person in a group.
top dog是一种非正式的说法，指的是群体中最成功或最有权势的人。
In sports, choking happens when a player or team fail to perform their best because of psychological pressure or social expectation.
在体育运动中，当运动员或团队由于心理压力或社会期望而未能发挥最佳水平时，就会发生“克拉克现象”。
And finally, the verb to underperform means to perform worse than expected.
最后，动词“underperform”意味着表现比预期更差。
Once again, our six minutes are up! Remember to join us again next time for more topical discussion and useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English. Goodbye for now! Bye!
六分钟时间又到了！下次记得继续收听，了解更多话题和有用词汇。暂时再见了！再见！
